|
Prefix
|
Meaning
|
Example(s)
|
In isolation
|
|
bo-
|
related by marriage
|
patro - father
bopatro - father in-law
|
not used
|
|
dis-
|
in several directions, spread
|
doni - to give
disdoni - to distribute
|
dise - spread about; here and there
|
|
ek-
|
(immediately) begin
|
iri - to go
ekiri - start out; go now
|
Ek! - Let's go! Away we go!
|
|
eks-
|
former, ex-
|
edzo - husband
eksedzo - ex-husband
|
eksa - former
not often used
|
|
fi-
|
bad (referring to character or quality)
|
domo - house
fidomo - house of shame
|
fia - nasty
|
|
ge-
|
both genders together
|
patro - father
patrino - mother
gepatroj - parents
|
gea - co-ed; of both genders
|
|
mal-
|
opposite of the root
|
granda - big; large
malgranda - small
|
malo - opposite
|
|
mis-
|
in error, incorrect
|
legi - to read
mislegi - to misread
|
misa - incorrect; amiss
|
|
pra-
|
ancient, or (for descendants) future
|
tempo - time
pratempo - prehistoric time
|
praa - ancient; primeval
|
|
re-
|
again, repeat, reverse direction
|
legi - to read
relegi - to reread
|
ree - again; once more
|
|
Suffix
|
Meaning
|
Example(s)
|
In isolation
|
|
-aĉ-
|
bad (in principle referring to quality)
|
domo - house
domaĉo - hovel
|
aĉa - awful; rotten; terrible
|
|
-ad-
|
continuous or repeated action; habitual occupation
|
kanti - to sing
kantado - singing (as a noun)
|
adi - to continue; to keep on
|
|
-aĵ-
|
something concrete, specific
|
bovo - cow
bovaĵo - beef
nova - new
novaĵo - news
|
aĵo - thing
|
|
-an-
|
member, follower
|
Kristo - Christ
Kristano - Christian
|
ano - member
|
|
-ar-
|
a collection of instances of the root
|
arbo - tree
arbaro - forest
|
aro - collection; group; set
|
|
-ĉj-
|
familiar form of male names, usually shortened to 2-5 letters
|
patro - father
paĉjo - dad
|
not used
|
|
-ebl-
|
can be done
|
manĝi - to eat
manĝebla - edible
|
eble - maybe; possibly
|
|
-ec-
|
quality as an abstract idea
|
bela - beautiful
beleco - beauty
|
eco - quality; property
|
|
-eg-
|
very large, very strong
|
granda - big; large
grandega - huge
|
ega - considerable; major; great
|
|
-ej-
|
place
|
vendi - to sell
vendejo - store; shop
|
ejo - place
|
|
-em-
|
inclination or tendency
|
dormi - to sleep
dormema - sleepy
|
emo - tendency; desire; propensity
|
|
-end-
|
must be done
|
skribi - to write
skribenda - must be written
|
endi - to be compulsory
|
|
-er-
|
fragment, smallest piece of something
|
pano - bread
panero - crumb
|
ero - fragment; particle; element
|
|
-estr-
|
person who guides, rules, presides
|
lernejo - school
lernejestro - school principal
|
estro - boss
|
|
-et-
|
very small, weak (opposite of -eg-), diminishes the root
|
varma - warm
varmeta - luke warm
|
eta - little; tiny
|
|
-id-
|
offspring
|
kato - cat
katido - kitten
|
ido - offspring
|
|
-ig-
|
cause something to be, makes verbs transitive
|
boli - to be boiling
boligi - to cause to boil
|
igi - to cause
|
|
-iĝ-
|
to become, makes verbs intransitive
|
geedzo - spouse
geedziĝi - to become married
|
iĝi - to become
|
|
-il-
|
instrument, tool
|
tranĉi - to cut (with a knife)
tranĉilo - knife
|
ilo - tool
|
|
-in-
|
female gender
|
patro - father
patrino - mother
|
ino - female
|
|
-ind-
|
good to do, worthy of
|
legi - to read
leginda - worth reading
|
indo - worth
|
|
-ing-
|
a holder into which something is inserted
|
glavo - sword
glavingo - scabbard (sword holder)
|
ingo - holder; socket
|
|
-ism-
|
way of thought, belief system
|
Kristano - Christian
Kristanismo - Christianity
|
ismo - doctrine
|
|
-ist-
|
professional, occupation, hobby, or way of thinking
|
instrui - to teach; to instruct
instruisto - teacher; instructor
|
isto - professional
|
|
-nj-
|
familiar form of female names, usually shortened to 2-5 letters
|
patrino - mother
panjo - mom
|
not used
|
|
-obl-
|
multiplication; times
|
du - two
duoblo - double
|
oble - times (adverb)
|
|
-on-
|
fraction
|
du - two
duono - half
|
ono - fraction
|
|
-op-
|
group of that size
|
du - two
duope - by twos
|
opa - collective; joint
|
|
-uj-
|
container or country (for some countries)
|
mono - money
monujo - wallet; purse
Franco - French person
Francujo - France
|
ujo - container
|
|
-ul-
|
person
|
juna - young
junulo - a youth; a young person
|
ulo - guy; person; chap
|
|
-um-
|
indefinite relation
|
komuna - common
komunumo - community
|
umo - whatchamacallit; thingamajig
|